Chapter 17 pg. 862-877

Document 17.1
The Industrial Revolution was considered a technological break through as well as a transformation of work. Owners and managers enforced strict discipline in factories and kept a clock on all their workers. Elizabeth Bentley was a twenty three year old woman worker testified in 1831 before the British parliamentary committee. As a result to this, employment for women and children were limited in 1833.

Document 17.2
Even though the industrialization helped create new work, it caused people that were considered artisans to have a decline in their weaving practices. Weavers had to sell their looms to larger manufactures that would organize a much larger factories.

Document 17.3
Although Elizabeth Bentley and unemployed weavers did not appreciate the industrialization, many growers in the nineteenth century did. One of the most important middle class value came from Samuel Smiles. Samuel was a scottish writer and businessman who wrote a book called Self-Help. This book helped guarantee a path for personal success.

Document 17.4
Karl Marx was the most prominent advocate for the new factory working class. Marx pursued most political life dedicated to organizing workers for revolution and history. Marx provided new ideas that informed much of European socialism.  Friedrich Engels assisted Marx throughout his life and he became radicalized as he witnessed the dedicating social results of capitalist industrialization.

Chapter 17 827-861

The Industrial Revolution appeared in the eighteenth century. Throughout this time, a variety of innovations transformed the cotton textile production. Soon the industrial revolution spread beyond the textile industry. Agriculture was too affected as mechanical reaper, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and refrigeration transformed this most ancient of industries. in the twentieth century, the industrial revolution became global as a number of Asian, African, and Latin American countries developed substantial industrial sectors. This continuous growth of new techniques made it possible for the industrial revolution to have such environmental impact.

Why Britain?
Britain was the most highly commercialized of all Europe's countries. Britain's political life encouraged commercialization and economic innovation. Its policy of religious toleration formally established in 1688 and welcomed people of technical skills regardless of their faith. Europe's Scientific revolution also took a distinctive form in Great Britain in ways that supported technological innovation. Even though most inventors were artisans or craftsmen rather than scientists, Britain was in close contact with scientists, makers of scientific instruments, and entrepreneurs whereas in Europe, these groups were largely separated.

Those who benefitted most from the industrialization were members of the middle class. At its upper levels, the middle class contained extremely wealthy factory and mine owners, bankers, and merchants. Women in middle class families were homemakers, wives, and mothers. They were also expected to be the moral centers of the family. Male elites in many civilizations had long established their status by attaching women from productive labor.

Facing the World Economy
The second half of the nineteenth century was when many countries began to be stabilized. The new technology cut the sailing time between Britain and Argentina into almost half. The most significant economic outcome of this growing integration was a rapid growth of Latin America exports to the industrializing countries. Mexico continued to produce large amounts of silver supplying more than half the worlds supply until 1860.

Chapter 16 & Chapter 16 documents

In 1780 to 1890, a transformation in slavery occurred women. Enlightenment thinkers in the 18th century had become increasingly critical of slavery as a violation of natural rights for every person and pronouncements of the American and French Revolutions about liberty and equality. The actions of slaves themselves ended slavery and the Haitian Revolution was followed by three major rebellions.
The end of the Atlantic slavery during the nineteenth century, marked a major and rapid turn in the worlds social history and moral thinking of humankind. Haiti was the only place in the Atlantic world that did a redistribution of land that followed the end of slavery. The reluctance of former slaves to continue working in plantation agriculture created labor shortages and set in notion a huge new wave of  global migration.

Thinkers of the European enlightenment challenged ancient traditions such as women inferiority. The French Revolution raised the possibility of recreating human society. Many women participated in these events and few insisted that the revolutionary ideals of liberty and equality must include women.

Intro to Part 5 & Chapter 16 Documents

"long nineteenth century" was between 1750 and 1914. During this time, it was the creation of a new kind of human society. Scientific, French, and Industrial revolutions all played a big part in this. These revolutions helped transform new ideas and made greater movements toward social equality, get ordinary people to participate in political life, end slavery, and equality between men and women. This was known to be the first phenomena. The second phenomena of the long nineteenth century was the growing ability in modern societies. These phenomenas had a more important role on world history than ever before. Europeans were leading the human intervention which also created the desire to move toward dominance over the peoples.

The Atlantic revolutions created endless amounts of controversy. Debates between liberty and equality, and unitary and centralized or federal and decentralized government were discussed. This was because the purpose of these atlantic revolutions was to extend political rights. The idea of human equality articulated in these revolutions found expression in feminist, socialists, and communist movements.

Haiti was regarded as the richest colony in the world. In the book, there is a painting titled Revenge Taken by the Black Army and it showed black Haitian soldiers hanging French soldiers. I think this paining was a huge symbol of how it was in Haiti. Racism and violence was occurring, and it shows Haiti's ways of dealing with others. Throughout this time, Haiti was known to be a time of horror and fear for those that were hurt. Remembering Haiti reminded them of the lack of political change they had to go through.

Document 15.2

This document talks about our hopes for the future and how it is divided into three different important points. 1) destruction if inequality among nations 2) progress of equality within nations themselves 3)the real improvement of humanity

It talks about advancing the human mind to establish the inequality of rights between sexes. It also talks about enlightened people and how they will come to perceive war as the deadliest plague and understand that they cannot become conquistadors without losing their liberty.

Chapter 15 part 2

Before the Scientific Revolution, educated Europeans held a view of the world that derived people from Aristotle. The Scientific Revolution was revolutionary because it challenged the understanding of the universe. The break through of the Scientific Revolution came from the Polish mathematician named Nicolaus Copernicus. He wrote a book called Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. It was published in the year of his death and was an essential argument that "at the middle of all things, lies the sun."The breakthrough of the Scientific Revolution occurred in Europe during the modern era. But the question of origins was why Europe? It started in Europe because Arab schooling boosted several accomplishments in subjects such as math, medicine, and astronomy. Europe gave rise to the scientific enterprise by their historical development and fragmented civilization. By the twelfth and thirteen centuries, Europe evolved within a legal system that guaranteed independence for the church, towns, cities, and universities. This was based on corporation.

The Enlightenment was challenged by both romanticism, and religious "enthusiasm". This continued to develop European Science itself. Charles Darwin laid hoe a complicated that told other that all his life was a constant change and that the competitive struggle for survival over the years developed new species for both plants and animals. Human beings were also included in this vast process of evolution. 

Chapter 15 part 1

The Protestant Reformation was a huge turn around for the Roman Catholic Church. Before it shattered the unity, it provided the cultural and organizational foundation of Western Europe civilizations. In 1517 Martin Luther issued the Ninety-Five Theses. He introduced these Theses by nailing them to the door of the church. Luther's protest had been potentially revolutionary because of the theological basis. Luther believed that neither good works of a sinner nor the sacraments of the church had any bearings on the eternal destiny of ones soul. Luther's ideas provoked a massive schism within the world of Catholic Christendom. This was contrary to what Luther had in mind. Christianity motivated European political and economic expansion and benefited from it. Colonial settlers and traders brought their faith with them and sought to replicate it in their conquered homelands. This planted Christianity in NOrth America and focused on education, purity, and tolerance for faith.